World trade is undergoing a transformation as the era of the ‘global village’ wanes and its share of global GDP stagnates. Geopolitical disruptions, from Ukraine to the Middle East, are contributing to fragmentation, while ‘friend-shoring’ is shifting trade flows based on alliances. Connector countries are gaining prominence, and new trade routes are being established, yet major powers like the U.S. and China remain deeply interconnected. Globalization is evolving to cope with the rise of protectionist policies.

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